Effective regulatory frameworks for ending inappropriate marketing of breastmilk substitutes and foods for infants and young children in the WHO European RegionThis Policy Brief is intended to guide Member States in the WHO European Region as they embark on the vital task of safeguarding parents and caregivers from all forms of promotion of breastmilk substitutes (‎BMS)‎ and the inappropriate promotion of foods for infants and young children (‎FIYC)‎. Such promotion undermines optimal infant and young child feeding practices, including breastfeeding and safe and appropriate complementary feeding, placing a child’s survival, growth and development at risk. It can also contribute to the growing public health problem of childhood overweight and obesity, which can lead not only to premature mortality from non-communicable diseases (‎NCDs)‎, but also to adverse health outcomes throughout life. In Eastern Europe and Central Asia, the number of children under five with overweight has increased from 1.6 million in 2000 to 4.5 million in 2016. United Nations human rights experts have reminded States of their obligations under human rights treaties to “take all necessary measures to protect, promote, and support breastfeeding, and end the inappropriate promotion of breast-milk substitutes and other foods intended for infants and young children up to the age of 3 years”. https://www.who.int/europe/publications/i/item/WHO-EURO-2022-4885-44648-63367 (16 February 2022)