In brief: Current recommendations are to initiate or maintain breastfeeding and, if mother-baby separation is necessary, to give pumped breast milk.
Immunologic properties transfered to baby through breastfeeding
alpha-Lactalbumin (variant)
alpha-lactoglobulin
alpha2-macroglobulin (like)
ß-defensin-1
Bifidobacterium bifidum
Carbohydrate
Casein
CCL28 (CC-chemokine)
Chondroitin sulphate (-like)
Complement C1-C9
Folate
Free secretory component
Fucosylated oligosaccharides
Gangliosides GM1-3, GD1a, GT1b, GQ1b
Glycolipid Gb3, Gb
Glycopeptides
Glycoproteins (mannosylated)
Glycoproteins (receptor-like)
Glycoproteins (sialic acid-containing or terminal galactose)
Haemagglutinin inhibitors
Heparin
IgA secretory specifically against SARS-CoV-2
IgG
IgM
IgD
kappa-Casein
Lactadherin (mucin-associated glycoprotein)
lactoferrin
Lactoperoxidase Lewis antigens
Lipids
Lysozyme
Milk cells (macrophages, neutrophils, B & T lymphocytes)
Mucin (muc-1; milk fat globulin membrane)
Nonimmunoglobulin macromolecules (milk fat, proteins)
Oligosaccharides
Phosphatidylethanolamine
(Tri to penta) phosphorylated beta-casein
Prostaglandins E1, E2, F2 alpha
RANTES (CC-chemokine)
Ribonuclease
Secretory IgA (see above, IgA)
Secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (antileukocyte protease; SLPI)
Sialic acid-glycoproteins
sialylated oligosaccharides
Sialyllactose
Sialyloligosaccharides on sIgA(Fc)
Soluble bacterial pattern recognition receptor CD14
Soluble intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1)
Soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1)
Sulphatide (sulphogalactosylceramide)
Trypsin inhibitor
Vitamin A
vitamin B12
Xanthine oxidase (with added hypoxanthine)
Zinc
Unidentified factors
Check also our page Immunology
Ressource added in 2022
- Olearo F et al. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in breast milk during lactation after infection or vaccination: A cohort study. Sept 2022 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36029724/
See all ressources about Breastfeeding and protection against Covid-19